What Is an IPA? A Complete Guide

If you've explored craft beer at all, you've almost certainly come across the term IPA. Short for India Pale Ale, IPA is one of the most popular and influential beer styles in the world — known for its bold hop flavours, refreshing bitterness, and huge variety of modern interpretations.

But what exactly is an IPA, and why has it become such a cornerstone of craft beer?

The Origins of IPA

The story of IPA dates back to the 18th century, when British brewers began exporting beer to India during the time of the British Empire.

To survive the long sea journey, brewers increased:

• Alcohol content
• Hop levels

Hops acted as a natural preservative, helping the beer stay fresh over months at sea. The result was a stronger, hoppier pale ale — which became known as India Pale Ale.

What Defines an IPA?

At its core, an IPA is a beer that emphasises hops. This means:

• Noticeable bitterness
• Strong aroma
• Distinct flavour profiles

Compared to traditional ales, IPAs are more aromatic, more flavour-forward, and often higher in alcohol.

What Does an IPA Taste Like?

This is where things get interesting — because IPAs can vary hugely. Common flavour notes include:

• Citrus (grapefruit, lemon, orange)
• Tropical fruit (mango, pineapple, passionfruit)
• Pine and resin
• Floral and herbal notes

The exact flavour depends on the hops used.

Types of IPA

Modern brewing has taken IPA far beyond its original form. Here are some of the most common styles:

West Coast IPA

• Crisp and dry
• Strong bitterness
• Piney and citrus flavours

A classic, traditional modern IPA style.

New England IPA (Hazy IPA)

• Cloudy appearance
• Juicy, tropical flavours
• Low bitterness

Extremely popular in UK craft beer today. Breweries like Siren Craft Brew and Double-Barrelled Brewery produce excellent examples of this style.

Session IPA

• Lower alcohol (typically under 4.5%)
• Light and refreshing
• Still hop-forward

Easy drinking without losing flavour.

Double / Imperial IPA

• Higher alcohol (often 7–10%+)
• Intensely hoppy
• Full-bodied

Big, bold beers for experienced drinkers.

IPAs in the UK Craft Scene

While IPA originated in Britain, modern UK breweries have embraced both traditional and American-inspired styles. You'll often find:

• Classic English IPAs using earthy, floral hops
• Modern hazy IPAs bursting with tropical fruit flavours
• Experimental small-batch releases

Breweries across Berkshire like Elusive Brewing, Renegade Brewery, and Rebellion Beer Co. are constantly pushing the style in new directions.

Why IPAs Are So Popular

IPAs dominate craft beer for a reason:

• Huge flavour variety
• Strong aroma
• Endless innovation
• Appeals to both new and experienced drinkers

For many people, IPA is the gateway into craft beer.

Are IPAs Always Bitter?

Not anymore. While traditional IPAs were known for strong bitterness, many modern versions — especially hazy IPAs — focus more on:

• Juicy fruit flavours
• Smooth mouthfeel
• Balanced bitterness

Final Thoughts

IPA is more than just a beer style — it's a foundation of modern craft brewing. From crisp and bitter to juicy and tropical, there's an IPA for almost every taste.

If you're new to craft beer, it's one of the best places to start — and if you're already a fan, there's always something new to discover.

Explore your local breweries to find your next favourite IPA — check out our Top 10 IPAs in Berkshire for inspiration, or visit A Hoppy Place and The Grumpy Goat for a great selection.